Humic acid (HA), regardless of source, always contains metal ions. In some cases the metal ions may be associated with the mineral content, while in others the metal may play an important role in defining high order structures. HA is known to have significant affinity for transition and heavy metal ions. The solubility of HA is dependent on the number and type of metal ions present in the HA; therefore an analysis of the properties of HA, including metal removal, uptake and affinity, is necessary to fully understand the role of metal ions in the HA structure.
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